Periodic table of all 118 chemical elements, arranged in 18 groups and 7 periods, with the lanthanide and actinide series placed below. Each cell lists atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass, read in that order. The eight most abundant elements in Earth's crust — oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium — are marked with a heavy border and a diamond.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
7
57–71La–Lu
89–103Ac–Lr
Lanthanides
Actinides
1HHydrogen1.008
2HeHelium4.0026
3LiLithium6.94
4BeBeryllium9.0122
5BBoron10.81
6CCarbon12.011
7NNitrogen14.007
8◆OOxygen15.999
9FFluorine18.998
10NeNeon20.180
11◆NaSodium22.990
12◆MgMagnesium24.305
13◆AlAluminum26.982
14◆SiSilicon28.085
15PPhosphorus30.974
16SSulfur32.06
17ClChlorine35.45
18ArArgon39.95
19◆KPotassium39.098
20◆CaCalcium40.078
21ScScandium44.956
22TiTitanium47.867
23VVanadium50.942
24CrChromium51.996
25MnManganese54.938
26◆FeIron55.845
27CoCobalt58.933
28NiNickel58.693
29CuCopper63.546
30ZnZinc65.38
31GaGallium69.723
32GeGermanium72.630
33AsArsenic74.922
34SeSelenium78.971
35BrBromine79.904
36KrKrypton83.798
37RbRubidium85.468
38SrStrontium87.62
39YYttrium88.906
40ZrZirconium91.224
41NbNiobium92.906
42MoMolybdenum95.95
43TcTechnetium(97–98)*
44RuRuthenium101.07
45RhRhodium102.91
46PdPalladium106.42
47AgSilver107.87
48CdCadmium112.41
49InIndium114.82
50SnTin118.71
51SbAntimony121.76
52TeTellurium127.60
53IIodine126.90
54XeXenon131.29
55CsCesium132.91
56BaBarium137.33
57LaLanthanum138.91
58CeCerium140.12
59PrPraseodymium140.91
60NdNeodymium144.24
61PmPromethium(145)
62SmSamarium150.36
63EuEuropium151.96
64GdGadolinium157.25
65TbTerbium158.93
66DyDysprosium162.50
67HoHolmium164.93
68ErErbium167.26
69TmThulium168.93
70YbYtterbium173.05
71LuLutetium174.97
72HfHafnium178.49
73TaTantalum180.95
74WTungsten183.84
75ReRhenium186.21
76OsOsmium190.23
77IrIridium192.22
78PtPlatinum195.08
79AuGold196.97
80HgMercury200.59
81TlThallium204.38
82PbLead207.2
83BiBismuth208.98
84PoPolonium(209)
85AtAstatine(210)
86RnRadon(222)
87FrFrancium(223)
88RaRadium(226)
89AcActinium(227)
90ThThorium232.04
91PaProtactinium231.04
92UUranium238.03
93NpNeptunium(237)
94PuPlutonium(244)
95AmAmericium(243)
96CmCurium(247)
97BkBerkelium(247)
98CfCalifornium(251)
99EsEinsteinium(252)
100FmFermium(257)
101MdMendelevium(258)
102NoNobelium(259)
103LrLawrencium(266)
104RfRutherfordium(267)
105DbDubnium(268)
106SgSeaborgium(269)
107BhBohrium(270)
108HsHassium(269)
109MtMeitnerium(278)
110DsDarmstadtium(281)
111RgRoentgenium(282)
112CnCopernicium(285)
113NhNihonium(286)
114FlFlerovium(289)
115McMoscovium(290)
116LvLivermorium(293)
117TsTennessine(294)
118OgOganesson(294)
Reading a cell
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
atomic number
symbol
name
atomic mass
Key
- Metal — solid outline
- Metalloid — dashed outline
- Nonmetal — dotted outline
- Crust-abundant — heavy outline + ◆
The eight elements that build Earth's crust (percent by mass)
- O Oxygen 46.6%
- Si Silicon 27.7%
- Al Aluminum 8.1%
- Fe Iron 5.0%
- Ca Calcium 3.6%
- Na Sodium 2.8%
- K Potassium 2.6%
- Mg Magnesium 2.1%
* Technetium: sources disagree. IUPAC/CIAAW publishes (98); many reference tables publish (97). Tc-97 and Tc-98 both have half-lives near 4.2 million years, so which one is “longest-lived” is genuinely contested. Use the value your source gives, and say which source you used.
Together these eight make up about 98.5% of the continental crust by mass — which is why nearly every rock-forming mineral you meet in this course is a silicate. Masses follow IUPAC standard atomic weights (2021), abridged to five significant figures; a value in parentheses is the mass number of the longest-lived isotope. Elements 104–118 are synthetic and several of their chemical properties are predicted rather than measured.
